You said "把红线断掉了, 保险就不跳, 可是除了这个插座, 没有一个照明和其他插座有电."
I can answer your question, the red and black is two different phase live wire from two different circuit breakers. (Did you replace a new (插座) for these two circuit recently?), or/and, was anything change to the (插座) before all this happen??? if you can take a picture of how was it connected oreginally, I may be able to give you a better answer.
If the red wire connected causes the breaker to “POP”, it sound like the device (插座) has a shorted component inside where the red wire is connected... I would suggest you to replace that device (插座).
If you have the Black and Red connect to the same (插座) make sure you cut out the "bridge" on the top between the two terminal screws.
Take a good look of the (插座). two screws on one side is silver screw and they have bridge connected on top, connect neutral to it. The other side has two golden colour screw also connected with a "bridge" on top, live hot wire connects here. BUT you can only connect one single phase to one of these two screws, Not two different phase. Otherwise circuit breaker will pop.
Good luck!
把红线断掉了,可是除了这个插座,没有一个照明和其他插座有电, this statement already answer your own question, because the red wire is carrying one live phase, if you disconnect it, the voltage will not connected to other area.